Wireless telegraphy.



To allwlromt lmayconc'emlf s Subjlectofihe .Kringiof' italy, and a resident frequencyelectrical2 o'scill'ations, f'su'clr las:

' paratusl/hereinafter' described as follows,

"changes, in,7 'tliefv GUGLIELMO MARC/,GNL OF LONDON,

tj lfiijENT oFFioE.

JERSEY: j A i y i y;

Be it knowmtliat il, GUcL'IELMe MARCONI,

of London', `mlrwffla'nd,y lhave'finventedi certainl new 'f and usefn Improvements inv/Wireless Telegraphfjg-oflilvliic i' :the following'v'is 'a fullf` and true' description, reference beingliad 1 to v' formi'of in'y'invention. fr

j This invention is' based upon the discovery, made .by ymeg' that a piece of magneticl mate-,r 4 rial, lwhicl'i isno't sensibly affected by 'high-t Hertfzian Waves? "under ordinary "circu'm-y stances, 'becomesj sensitive.' to4 -tlieni 1 when placed 'in .a varying' ory 'movingiiiagneticfield'."

'illy-present" 'tlio'ryi'of the action Aorfthe ap?" althouglrl Aintend -t 'claim tliisapparatus,

Beh

grits i'iagnetie" is to bringl aboutit i'iiome'n'tar' llease the 'l moleculesY Lof ,iroiif rroiir,V tire M p traint (or viscositylln which they arcor nar'ily lield,

reduce, i suddenA variations =in itsl magnetic gysteresis, which variations, Wul prpdijcej others'of a sudden or jerky nature in its magnetic condition. In other words, the ma iietization` of the iron, instead'of ,slowly follloWingt-lie variations `of the magnetic force applied, would ateacli sparkof the transmiti ter .suddenly ldiminish its magnetic Ilag caused by li'ysteresisw These jerks in th'e magnetic.'

condition lof-` tlie iron vwould vcause induced currents in a coil "ofk Wire of strength sufficient tojallOW tliel si nals transmitted ,to be l detected intelligib y on a telephone, or perhaps evenrjeadl jon a 'galvanometer. vThe jerks in y"the' magnetic condition of, the iron. might also '=be -detected bya telephone ,diaphragm applied, directly thereto.' 1 'The present ap vlication is adivisiono' an applicationfSeria No; 132,974, iled by me on November 28, 1902, for Letters Patentfofvi.theIJ'nit'ed'States."- 1 f jLThe ai paratus' herein described is'ada tedy es yo'r thefdetecting of electrica cs ci ations'by n'ieans of the method invented '/'by me, Which constitutes the'subjecbmatter; tof'anapplication, .Seri-al No. 141,399,1iled' February 2, 1.903, lfor Letters Patent of the United States.

`In saidfa'pplication, Serial l\lumber1:2,9.741,A

l have described, 'shown and claimedv a re.- ceiving-apparatus for electrical-oscillations said apparatus comprisingv a metallic member 'surrounded' by'a Winding Which is connected j the` receiving conductor,means,I inde' pendent 'of vreceived oscillations, for creating almagnetic-'eld in said` member, and a receivingin'strument ada ted to render the received oscillations inteligible, suoli as a tele`r phone'inductively connected With said''eld';

' and I` have also' described/and shown-'and claimed a modification of said apparatus,

vM( v, ,j y' yWliichcom rises means for v'aryingsaidmag.-l

' l'llie effecty ofg ectricaloscillations probably" 'netic field independentlyof' received oscillations, andjlia'v'e ves ecial'ly claimed-a formvof apparatus 'in Whic the4 metallic 'member'is-a movable core which is moved through 'a fieldcreated,I 'an' adjacent stationary magnet;4 `In addition to said spec'icform of apparatus, I have also slioWn and briefly described a subje'cti'natter of my present application.

uReferring totlie accompanying drawings,i 4

which illustrate 'oneembodiment of the api lso aratus constituting my present invention,

igure 1 is a front elevation t artly diagrammatic) of a preferred form of device, and Fig. Z2 is a similar side elevation of said device.-

(L isa core, the ends of-Which may be bent upwards; it may consist of, say, thirty liarddrawn iron wires of about .-5 m. m. in diameter. Over this, a primary Winding of one or more layers of thin silk-covered Wire, b, is placed, and one end of the Winding is connected to a capacity E, Which may ,be the earth, and the other end of the Winding connected, directly or indirectly, to a receiving conductor A, The receiving conductor is shown as an elevated vertical conductor, but obviously this conductor may be otherwise disposed, such as horizontally. A secondary Winding, c, about ;O2 cm. in diameter preferably surrounds the Winding, b, and a sufficient number of turns of it is used to give aresistance about equal to that of the telephone, T, to which its ends are connected, or the effect of the oscillations may be detected by any `other suitable means, such, for instance,l as a telephone diaphragm located in proximity to the. core so as to be effected thereby, the secondary coil being omitted.

d indicates a magnet, preferably located above the core a, and rotated above the same, by clock-Work mechanism or other- Wise, at-sav-one revolution per second or other suitable speed.

In practice, the movement of the magnet will move or vary the magnetic field, and when tliemagnet is mounted to revolve, as shown, it causes a constant change or successive reversals or alternations in the magnetization ofithe core.

It is found that, if electrical oscillations of suitable periodare sent from a transmitting station,l according to the now Well-known methods, rapid changes are effected in the iron core, which changes produce induced currents on the Winding, and these currents, in their turn, reproduce on the tele hone, or other instrument ada ted to ren er the received voscillations inte igible, the signals sent from the transmitting-station.

The telephone, or other proper instrument, may be connected to the ends of the Winding I) nearest theiron, and the Winding c omitted or the iron core 0J may be laced in close proximity to a te'leplione-diap ragni, and the sudden changes of magnetism in the core can then be detected by sounds produced by the diaphragm'. In this case, also, no second l winding is required on the core.

[claim: 1. At a receivineestation in a wireless telegraph system, an oscillation-receiving conductor, a magnet for creating a magnetic field, a lniag'netizable member located in said .magnetic field and connected to vsaid conductor, means for moving the magnet to and from the magnetizable member, and a receiving-instrument affected lly the changes in magnetism of the magnetizable member, whereby oscillations received from a distant transmitting station are rendered intelligible as signals, substantially as des ribed.

2. At a receiving-station iu Wireless telegraph system, an oscillation-receiving conductor, a magnet for creating a magnetic field, a magnetizable member connected to said conductor and located in said magnetic field, means for rotating the magnet. above the iiiagnetizable member, and a receivinginstrument affected by the changes in magnetism of said magnetizable member, where by oscillations received from a distant transmitting station are rendered intelligible as signals, substantially as described.

3. At a receiving-station in a wireless telegraph system, an oscillation-receiving con ductor, a magnet, a inagnetizable member connected to said conductor and located in the field created by said magnet, means for moving the magnet to vary the magneti(l field, and a receiving-instrument affecte d by the changesin magnetism of said magnetizable member, whereby oscillations received from a distant transmitting station are rendered intelligible as signals, substantiall \v as described.

4. At a receiving-station in a wireless telegraph system, an oscillation-receiving conductor, a movable magnet, a magnetizable member located in the field created by said magnet, a coil for said magiietizable member connected to the receiving-conductor, and a receiving-instrument affected by the changes in magnetism of said magnetizable member, whereby oscillations received from a distant transmitting station are rendered intelligible as signals, substantially'as described.

5. At a receiving-station.in a wireless telegraph system, an oscillation-receiving conL ductor, a magnet, a stationary magnetizable member located in the field created by said magnet and connected to said conductor, means for creating alternations or reversals of magnetism in the field, and a receivinginstrumentaffected by tliechanges in magnetism of said member, whereby oscillations received from a distant transmitting station are rendered intelligible as signals, substantially as described.

6. At a receiving-station in a wireless telegraph system, an oscillation-receiving conductor, a coil connected to said conductor, a magnet to create a magnetic field, means for varying said magnetic field, a magnetizable member located in the field created b v said magnet, and a receiving-instrument affected by the changes in magnetism of said mag-` ico ' able core scribed.

fected by the chan means for moving the magnet to Iand from the core, so as to produce changes in inagnetism in the core, an oscillation receiving conductor, a coil surrounding the magnetizand connected 'to the receivingconductor, and a receiving-instrument afes in magnetism .of the core, whereby osci ations received from a vdistant transmittir'ig station are rendered intelligible as signals, substantially as de- 8. At a receiving-station ina wireless telegraph to produceva magnetic -eld, means for rotating the magnetabove the core so as to change the magnetism in lthe core, an oscillationreceiving conductor surrounding the core', and a receiving-instrument affected by the changes in magnetismof the core, whereby oscillations received from a distant transmitting station are. rendered, intelligible as signals, substantially as described.

9. At a receiving-station in awireless telegraphsystem, a magnetizable core, an oscilation-receiving "conductor, a coil connected to said conductor and surrounding the core, a magnet located nearfthe core, 'and'mean's for moving the magnet to varyl the field in the core, and a receiving-instrument aHected by the variations ofmagnetism in t'h'e core, whereby oscillations received from a distant l transmitting station are rendered intelligible as signals, substantially as described. t

10. At a receiving-station ina wireless tele-graph system, a ma netizable core, an

osclatlon-receiving con uctor, agcoil connected to sald conductor andfsurroundlng the core, and a movable magnet for creatlng a movable magnetic field, which includes thel core, and a receiving instrument affected by the changes of magnetism in the" core, thereby rendering the received oscillations intelligible, substantially as described.

11. At a receiving-station in a wireless tele aph system, a magnetizable core, an osci ation-receiving conductor, a coil. connected to said conductor and surrounding the core, a ma net for creating a magnetic field which inc udes thecore, a means 4for creating reversals or alternations of magnet- `ism of the core, and a receiving instrument affected by the changes in magnetism of the core, whereby oscillations received from a distant transmitting station are reproduced as intelligible signals, substantially as described. v

12. At a receiving-station in a' wireless Y -telegraph system, a magnet for creati 0' a magnetic field, a stationary ma netiza le core mcluded 1n said held, an osc1 latlon revfor varying the magnetic duc changes in magnetism in the core, andI l as described. l

system, a magnetizable core, a magnet` [core located in said field,

conductor and surroundi the cere, means a receiving-instrument chan es inmagnetism in signa tion are l'rendered affectedl by said the core, whereby 13. At a receiving-station in a wireless telegraph system, an oscillation-receiving con uctor, a permanent magnet to create a magnetic ield,y a stationary magne'tizable a coil surrounding ceiving conductor, a coil connected. to said eld, so as to pro.

s sent from a distanttransmitting'stav intelligible, substantially Y said core and connected at one end to a calpacity and at the other end to the oscillation receiving conductor, means for moving the magnet with respect to the core .so as to produce variations in magnetism in the core, and

a Vreceiving instrument affected by the chan es magnetismin the core, whereby signa s from a distant transmitting station are rendered intelligible, substantially as described. i e

' 14. At a receiving-station in a lwireless telegraphv system, an'4 oscillation-receiving cen uctor, a'p'ermanent magnet to create a magnetic eld, a stationary magnetizable core located-in said field', a coil surrounding said coreand connected at' one end to a capacity and at the other end to the oscillation receiving conductor, means for 'rotating the magnet adjacent tothe `core so as to 'produce reversalsl or alternations of the magnetism in the-core, 'and a receiving instrument affected by the reversals or alternations in the core, whereby signals sent from a distant' transmitting station are rendered intelligible, substantially as described.

15. At a receiving-station in a wireless .telegraph system, an oscillation receiving conductor, a magnet to create a magnetic `field, a stationary magnetizable core located insaid magneticfield, a coil surrounding said core and connected at one-end to acapacity and at the other to the receiving conductor, means for rotating the magnet adjacent to the core so as to produce reversals or alternations of the ma netisms in the core, a second coil surroun ing the first named coil, and having its ends connected to a telephone receiver, whereby the reversals or alternations of magnetism in the core are reproduced in the' telephone, as intelligible signals, substantially as described. 1

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, this 27 th day-of Januarv, 1903;

4 GUGLIELMO lllARCONl. In presence of:

WILLIAM H. BERRIGAN,

JAMES J. Coscnovn. i 

